1. ȯڿ
1) ּ Ǵ ٸ п ִ ȯ
2) 索, 索 ȥ Ǵ ȥ, 1 索 ȯ (, ν ż ʿ䰡 ִ ȯ̹Ƿ ʴ.)
3) , , ܻ ִ ȯ (ν ֻ翡 ʿϹǷ ʴ.)
2. ȯڿ
1) ְ ִ ȯ: ȯڿ ӻ .
2) ɺ : New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class I- ɺ ִ ȯڿ ̹Ƿ, ̵ ȯڿ Ͽ Ѵ. New York Heart Association(NYHA) functional class III-IV ȯڿ ӻ ʴ´.
3) ҿ췹 Ǵ ν ȯ
4) ȯ Ǵ ( ų ִ.)
(1) ϼüɺ Ǵ νűɺ
(2) ҷ, ƻ, ұĢ Ļ缷, Ļ缷뷮 Ǵ
(3) ݷ ȯ
(4)
5) Ǵ ִ ȯ
6) QT Ű ȯ( Ǵ ź ִ ȯ, ɺ ȯ ִ ȯ, Į ȯ ) : QT ۿ Ƿ, QT Ǵ ŷ ִ ȯ(õ QT ı ), 丣̵ Ʈ ŷ ִ ȯڴ ϴ ٶϴ.
7) 忰 : Ϻ ӻ迡 忰 ʾ, ӻ迡 忰 1 Ϻ Ŀ 忰 ִ. 忰 Ư¡ Ÿ ǻ ȯڿ ˷־ Ѵ. 忰 ǽɵ ׳۸ƾ ٸ ǽ ɼ ִ ߴؾ Ѵ("ߴ ̻" ).
3. ̻(׳ڸ)
(1) ܱ(Ϻ) ӻ
ܱ(Ϻ) ӻ迡 4 ̻ 1,645 156(9.5%) 232 ̻(ӻ˻ġ ̻ ) Ÿ. ֿ ̻ 43(2.6%), 14(0.9%) ̾.
1) ߴ ̻
ٸ 索 Ÿ 찡 ִ(۸Ǹ 8.9%, ǿ۸Ÿ 1.5%, ޱ۸Ƽ̵ 3.8%, ƴϵ 1.1%, -۷ڽô 1.3%). ٸ 索 쿡 (1.1%) Ÿ ִ. Ÿ 쿡, ǰ ϴ óġ Ѵ. -۷ڽô ÿ Ǿ Ѵ.
(0.1%)
찡 Ƿ ϰ, , ظ, , ̻ Ÿ ϰ óġ ǽѴ.
( Ҹ, )
(AST(GOT), ALT(GPT) ) Ÿ Ƿ ϰ, ǽɵǴ ߴϴ óġ ǽѴ.
( Ҹ, )
Ÿ Ƿ ħ, ȣ , ߿, Ҹ ̻() Ǵ 쿡 ż X, CT ˻縦 ǽѴ. ǽɵǴ 쿡 ߴϰ ν ȣ óġ ǽѴ.
õâ( Ҹ, )
õâ Ÿ Ƿ ̶ Ǵ 쿡 Ǻΰ ǿ ϰ ߴϴ óġ ǽѴ.
忰( Ҹ, )
忰 ִ. ȯڴ ϰ Ǿϸ ̻ Ǵ ߴϰ ġ ؾ Ѵ.("" )
2) Ÿ ̻
̻ Ÿ ϴ óġ Ѵ.
ǥ 1. Ÿ ̻
|
0.11% ̸ ( ʰ)
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0.1%̸ (幰)
|
Ҹ
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∙Ű
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|
|
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ȭ
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, ظ, κ谨, , , â, , ,
, ˾, ĵ, , Ŀ尨, ƹж
, ľ
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AST(GOT) , ALT(GPT) , GGT
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ALP
|
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∙
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ܹ鴢, 洢,
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|
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Ǻ
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, , , ˷⼺ Ǻο
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ٰݰ
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Ÿ
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CK(CPK) , û Į , °, ˷⼺ , û
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(2) ӻ
1) ܵ
ǽ , , ౺, , 3 ӻ迡 142 ڿ мϿ.
ӻ Ⱓ 24 ̻ ౺ 45.45%(20/44) 29.59%(29/98) , ̻ ౺ 6.82%(3/44) 1.02%(1/98). ̻, ̻ ̴ ʾҴ. ̻ ̻ ̾. ӻ , ȯں ȯڿ 2% ̻ ̻ ǥ 2 Ÿ.
ǥ2. ܵ ӻ , ȯڿ 2% ̻ ̻( ΰ )
з(SOC)
켱 (PT)
|
̻
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20mg
(N=98)(%)
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(N=44)(%)
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εο
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6(6.12)
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2(4.55)
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λ, ߵ պ
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2(2.04)
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0(0.00)
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2) Ʈ
ǽ ߴ, ౺, , ӻ迡 205 ڿ мϿ.
ӻ Ⱓ 16 ̻ Ʈ 44.9%(31/69) Ʈ 41.2%(56/136), ̻ Ʈ 1.4%(1/69) Ʈ 3.7%(5/136). ̻, ̻ ̴ ʾҴ. ̻ , , , , ̾. ӻ , Ʈ ȯں Ʈ ȯڿ 1% ̻ ̻ ǥ 3 Ÿ.
ǥ3. (Ʈ) ӻ , Ʈ ȯں Ʈ ȯڿ 1% ̻ ̻( ΰ )
з(SOC)
켱 (PT)
|
̻
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20mg+ Ʈ
(N=136)(%)
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+ Ʈ
(N=69)(%)
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2(1.5)
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0(0.00)
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ٰݰ
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2(1.5)
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0(0.00)
|
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2(1.5)
2(1.5)
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0(0.00)
0(0.00)
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Ű
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2(1.5)
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0(0.00)
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ȣ, ݵ
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4(2.9)
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2(2.9)
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3) Ʈ ۸Ǹ
ǽ ٱ, , , , Ȱ , 3 ӻ迡 200 ڿ мϿ.
ӻ Ⱓ 24 ̻ Ȱ 62.24%(61/98) 61.76%(63/102), ̻ Ȱ 40.82%(40/98) 45.10%(46/102). ̻, ̻ ̴ ʾҴ. ̻ , , , , , , Ƿ, ȸ , , ȭҷ, , , ̷ , , , , , 索, ÷ , ħ, , ȣ, , ̾. ӻ , Ȱ 1%̻ ̻ ǥ 4 Ÿ.
ǥ 4. (Ʈ ۸Ǹ) ӻ , Ȱ 1%̻ ̻( ΰ )
з(SOC)
켱 (PT)
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̻
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20mg
+Ʈ+۸Ǹ
(N=102)(%)
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Ÿ۸ƾ 100mg
+Ʈ+۸Ǹ
(N=98)(%)
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ȯ
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32(31.37)
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28(28.57)
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Ű ȯ
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3(2.94)
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2(2.04)
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ȭҷ
μı
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3(2.94)
3(2.94)
2(1.96)
2(1.96)
2(1.96)
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2(2.04)
1(1.02)
0(0.00)
0(0.00)
0(0.00)
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̷
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8(7.84)
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2(2.04)
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Ϲ∙
Ƿ
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2(1.96)
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0(0.00)
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4) ӻ Ȯε
ܵ ӻ 142 ڴ ౺ 1(2.3%)̾, ǽɵǴ зǾ. Ʈ ӻ 205 ڴ Ʈ 2(2.9%), Ʈ 4(2.9%)̾, ǽɵǴ з Ǿ. Ʈΰ ۸Ǹ ӻ迡 ּ 1ȸ ̻ ڰ Ͽ , 200 ڴ Ʈΰ ۸Ǹ 21(20.59%), Ʈΰ ۸Ǹ Ȱ 19(19.39%)̾. Ͽ ڴ Ʈΰ ۸Ǹ 32(31.37%), Ȱ 28(28.57%)̾. 豺 1 Ͽ.
4. Ϲ
1) Ű ˷ : ν ҿ췹 ν к ϴ ִ. ҿ췹ư Ǵ ν ÿ ̱ ҿ췹ư Ǵ ν ִ. ȯڿ ó Ѵ.
2) 2 索 Ȯ ȯڿ Ͽ Ѵ. 索 ̿ܿ , 缺 索 (ż 索, ̻ ) ̴ ȯ ִ Ϳ Ѵ.
3) Ÿ Ƿ ۾, ڵ ϴ ȯڿ Ѵ.
4) ָ ϴ
ٸ DPP-4 ȯ 翡 ָ ϴ Ǿ. ñ 1 ĺ ı پϿ. ÿ ȭǾ. Ϻ ȯڿ Ǵ ٸ DPP-4 ٽ ÿ Ÿ. DPP-4 Ͽ Ѵ.
5) õâ
DPP-4 ȯ 翡 Կ ʿ ϴ õâ Ǿ. ȯڵ Ϲ DPP-4 Ǵ 鿪 ġ ȸǾ. ȯڵ鿡 ϴ Ǵ ϸ ǻ翡 ϵ ˷ Ѵ. , õâ ǽɵǴ , ߴϰ ġḦ Ǻΰ ǿ ؾ Ѵ.
5. ȣۿ
ַ CYP3A4 ö ðԳ(FMO1 FMO3) Ǹ, Һ 輳 14.822.1%.
1) ڳ : CYP3A4 ̸鼭 P-gp ڳ 20mg ׳۸ƾ AUC Cmax 1.49 1.37 ߴ.
2) Ʈ : 40mg Ʈ , Ʈ ׳۸ƾ ൿ ϰ ȭŰ ʾҴ. , ׳۸ƾ ν Ʈ AUC ̹ ( ּպ[90% CI]: 1.209[1.1431.278]) Cmax ȭ ʾҴ. ׳۸ƾ Ʈ ൿп ū ĥ ɼ ȴ.
3) ҿ췹 : 40mg ۸Ǹ带 , ׳۸ƾ ۸Ǹ ȣۿ Ȯε ʾҴ.
4) ġ : 40mg ǿ۸Ÿ , ׳۸ƾ ǿ۸Ÿ Ȱ繰 (M-III M-IV) ൿ ϰ ȭŰ ʾҴ. , ǿ۸Ÿ ν ׳۸ƾ Cmax ̹ ( ּպ[90% CI]: 1.117[0.9841.266]) , AUC ȭ ʾҴ. ׳۸ƾ ൿп ġ ǿ۸Ÿ .
5) ٸ 汸 索 , ׳۸ƾ ۿ -, 츮ǻ, MAO ۿ Ű Ƿ ġ ȯڻ¸ ϸ鼭 Ѵ.
6) ٸ 汸 索 , ׳۸ƾ ۿ Ƶ巹, νȣ, ȣ ۿ ҽŰ Ƿ ġ ȯڻ¸ ϸ鼭 Ѵ.
7) QT ų ִ Ŭ IA(, ϵ, īξƹ̵) Ǵ (, ƹ̿ٷ, Ż) ƾ QT Ͼ ִ.
6. Ӻ ο
1) Ӻθ ӻ Ƿ Ӻο ʴ´. ӻ() ¾Ʒ ϴ Ǿ.
2) кǴ ˷ ʾ, ӻ() кǴ Ǿ. δ ͼ ǴܵǾ Ѵ.
7. Ҿƿ
8. ڿ
9. óġ
ؿܿ ǽ ӻ迡 ʴ . ӻ迡 ְ뷮 ȸ ǰ ο 320mg̰, ݺ ǰ ο 1 1ȸ 80mg 7ϰ ̴. ̵ ߴ ̻ ̸ ̻ Ȯε ʾҴ.
ÿ Ϲ ġ( κ ϰ ӻ ǽ) ϸ, ȯ ¿ ġḦ ǽѴ.
ź ȯڿ, ׳۸ƾ 뷮 15.6 % ÿ ŵǾ.
10. ǻ
1) ʴ .
2) ٸ ٲپ ִ ǰų ǰ 鿡 ٶ Ƿ ̸ .
11. Ǿǰ
12. Ÿ
1) ׳۸ƾ Ͽ Ƹ ̿ ̽, CHL/IU ̿ ü ̻, ٽ DNA ռ ǽߴ. ü ̻迡 2 ȭ ̴ ̻ ȮεǾ, 迡 ̸̻ Ű ʾ 輺 δ.
2) 콺 ̿ ߾ϼ , ִ ෮ Ǵ ( : 75mg/kg/day, 100mg/kg/day, 콺: 600mg/kg/day) ߾ϼ Ȯε ʾҴ. 콺 ְ 뷮 40mg/day 65 118 ̻ Ÿ. 缺 콺 10mg/kg/day 60mg/kg/day ̾( 1 40mg 4 ش).
3) 带 ̿ ǽ ĵ迡 ϼ ´ Ĵɿ 70mg/kg/day 100mg/kg/day, ü 40mg/day 1145 ̴ⷮ. 䳢 ̿ ǽ 迡 ο ֱ Ÿ Ұ Ȯε ʾ 30mg/kg/day, ü 40mg/day 11 16 ̴ⷮ. 带 ̿ ǽ ü ɿ 迡 30mg/kg/day, ü 40mg/day 11 ̴ⷮ.
4) ܱ ӻ迡 ǰ 160mg 1 1ȸ 4ϰ ݺ ִ. κ - QTc ִ 9.3msec(90% CI 13.0msec) Ǿ. 1 160mg ʰϿ .
11. Ǿǰ 1
1) ൿ
. ׳ױ۸20и(׳۸ƾǻ̼ȭ)(̾) ׳ڸ20и(׳۸ƾȭһ꿰ȭ)(ѵ) 22 1 ǰ ο ȸ 汸Ͽ 35 ׳۸ƾ , ġ(ACUt, Cmax) αȯϿ óϿ , ġ 90% ŷڱ log 0.8 log 1.25 ̳μ Ͽ.
|
|
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AUC0~72hr
(nghr/mL)
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Cmax
(ng/mL)
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Tmax(hr)
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t1/2 (hr)
|
|
׳ڸ20и
(׳۸ƾȭһ꿰ȭ)(ѵ)
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1757378
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205.755.4
|
1.00
(0.67~3.00)
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19.72 3.78
|
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׳ױ۸20и
(׳۸ƾǻ꿰̼ȭ)(̾)
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1700 373
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211.8 54.8
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1.00
(0.67~3.03)
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19.04 4.32
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90% ŷڱ*
( : log 0.8 ~ log 1.25)
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log 0.9764 ~ 1.0400
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log 0.9527 ~ 1.1195
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-
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(AUCt, Cmax, t1/2 ; հ ǥ, Tmax ; ߾Ӱ(), n = 35)
AUCt:ð ߳ ð t ߳-ðϸ
Cmax:ְ߳
Tmax:ְ߳ ð
t1/2: ҽ ݰ
*ġ αȯ ġ
90%ŷڱ
|
2) ӻ (׳ڸ)
ܵ
Ļ ʴ 2 索 ȯ(HbA1c 7% ̻10% ̸) 142 , , ٱ, 24, ӻ迡 ܵ ȿ Ǿ. ȯڵ 2ְ , Ա 20 mg Ǵ 1 1ȸ ϴ Ǿ.
24 20 mg ȭ(HbA1c) ౺ ϰ Ͽ, ȭ(HbA1c) 7%̸ ȯ ౺ ϰ Ҵ [ǥ 5 ].
ǥ 5. 2 索 ȯڿ , ܵ ӻ 24ֿ
|
20mg
|
|
HbA1c (%)
ġ ()
ġκ ȭ (LS )
(LS ) (95% CI)
|
N=98*
7.63
-0.90
-0.94 (-1.22, -0.65)
|
N=43*
7.77
0.03
|
24 HbA1c 7% ̸ ȯڼ()%
|
68 (69.4)
|
9 (20.9)
|
* N ּ 1ȸ , ġ ȯڸ .
ANCOVA ̿ intend-to-treat м HbA1c
p<0.001
Ʈ ܵ ߰
Ʈι ܵ(1 뷮 1,000 mg ̻ 8 ̻ ) ʴ 2 索 ȯ(HbA1c 7% ̻ 10% ̸) 207 , , ٱ, ӻ迡 Ʈΰ ȿ Ͽ. ȯڵ Ʈ ϸ鼭 2ְ , Ա 20 mg Ǵ 1 1ȸ ϴ Ǿ.
ġ 16 20 mg ȭ(HbA1c) ౺ ϰ Ͽ, ȭ(HbA1c) 7%̸ ȯ ౺ ϰ Ҵ [ǥ 6 ].
ǥ 6. 2 索 ȯڿ Ʈο ߰ ϴ ӻ迡 16
| Ʈ(≧1000 mg/day) |
20 mg |
|
HbA1c (%) ġ () ġκ ȭ (LS ) (LS ) (95% CI) | N=136*7.79 -0.90 -0.78 (-0.95, -0.61) | N=68*7.72 -0.12 |
16 HbA1c 7% ̸ ȯڼ() | 88 (64.7) | 9 (13.2)
|
* N ּ 1ȸ , ġ ȯڸ .
ANCOVA ̿ intend-to-treat м HbA1c .
p<0.0001
Ʈ ۸Ǹ ߰
Ʈ(1 뷮 1,000mg ̻ 8 ̻ ) ۸Ǹ(1 뷮 4mg ̻ 8 ̻ ) ʴ 2 索 ȯ(HbA1c 7% ̻ 11% ) 201 , , ٱ, Ȱ (Ÿ۸ƾ 100 mg) ӻ迡 ȿ Ǿ. ȯڵ Ʈΰ ۸Ǹ ϸ鼭 2ְ , Ա⸦ 20 mg Ǵ Ÿ۸ƾ 100 mg 1 1ȸ ϴ Ǿ. ӻ , Ȥ ϱ ۸Ǹ Ǵ Ͽ 뷮 Ͽ.
24 , 20 mg Ÿ۸ƾ Ͽ [ǥ 7].
ǥ 7. 2 索 ȯڿ Ʈ ۸Ǹ忡 ߰ ϴ Ȱ ӻ迡 24
|
Ʈ(≧1000 mg/day)
|
|
۸Ǹ(≧4 mg/day)
|
|
20mg
|
Ÿ۸ƾ 100mg
|
HbA1c (%)
ġ ()
ġκ ȭ (LS )
(LS ) (95% CI)
|
N=86*
8.18
-1.03
-0.01 (-0.28,
0.26)
|
N=81*8.14
-1.02
|
* N ֿ ȹ ġ ȹ Ϸ Ǿ ġ ȯڸ .
ANCOVA ̿ per-protocol м HbA1c .
95% ŷڱ(CI) 谡 0.4% ̸ .
1 ֽȸ̾ ׳ױ۸20и(׳۸ƾǻ꿰̼ȭ) Ḧ Ͽ ֽȸ̾ Ź Ͽ.